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Different types of carbon storage complexes including saline formations, oil and natural gas reservoirs, un-mineable coal areas, organic-rich shales, and basalt formations.
A 'complex' includes: (1) a confining zone that includes a thick (or several) sealing layer(s) above the storage zone, separating the stored CO2 from drinking water sources and the surface; (2) adequate integrity within the storage formation and sealing layers; (3) sufficient porosity and permeability to store large amounts of CO2; and (4) are at supercritical depth to allow for concentrated storage.
Answer: It is easy to think of the carbon dioxide in a soda where escaping gas causes fizz - and even a pop. However, 2,000m below the earth's surface, CO2 in a super critical state, under extreme pressure, takes the form of olive oil not a gas. In fact the plume actually sinks further over time.
Carbon Dioxide is generally harmless and is not a flammable gas.
It is essential that companies and authorities in this sector fully engage with local communities to ensure their concerns are heard and addressed. Indeed the time has passed when any serious entity would contemplate a rough shod approach given the rightly sensitive and discerning financial institutions. We therefore work very closely with stakeholders to develop solutions that are socially responsible and sustainable - and indeed rewarding financially for those affected by any development.